Though this article is not oriented towards end users, certain audiophile consumers may find portions of interest. For convenience, we summarize the key USB concepts here, but the standards are the authoritative reference. USB is a bus with a single initiator of data transfer operations, called the host. The host communicates with peripherals via the bus. Note: The terms device and accessory are common synonyms for peripheral.
We avoid those terms here, as they could be confused with Android device or the Android-specific concept called accessory mode.
A critical host role is enumeration : the process of detecting which peripherals are connected to the bus, and querying their properties expressed via descriptors. A peripheral may be one physical object but actually implement multiple logical functions. For example, a webcam peripheral could have both a camera function and a microphone audio function. Each peripheral function has an interface that defines the protocol to communicate with that function.
The host communicates with a peripheral over a pipe to an endpoint , a data source or sink provided by one of the peripheral's functions. There are two kinds of pipes: message and stream. A message pipe is used for bi-directional control and status. A stream pipe is used for uni-directional data transfer. The host initiates all data transfers, hence the terms input and output are expressed relative to the host. An input operation transfers data from the peripheral to the host, while an output operation transfers data from the host to the peripheral.
There are three major data transfer modes: interrupt , bulk , and isochronous. Isochronous mode will be discussed further in the context of audio. The peripheral may have terminals that connect to the outside world, beyond the peripheral itself.
In this way, the peripheral serves to translate between USB protocol and "real world" signals. The terminals are logical objects of the function. Development mode has been present since the initial release of Android. The only visible peripheral function is either Android fastboot or Android Debug Bridge adb.
The fastboot and adb protocols are layered over USB bulk data transfer mode. As the Android device must act as host, and most Android devices include a micro-USB connector that does not directly permit host operation, an on-the-go OTG adapter such as this is usually required:. An Android device might not provide sufficient power to operate a particular peripheral, depending on how much power the peripheral needs, and how much the Android device is capable of supplying. Even if adequate power is available, the Android device battery charge may be significantly shortened.
For these situations, use a powered hub such as this:. Accessory mode was introduced in Android 3. In this mode, the Android device operates as a USB peripheral, under the control of another device such as a dock that serves as host.
The difference between development mode and accessory mode is that additional USB functions are visible to the host, beyond adb. The Android device begins in development mode and then transitions to accessory mode via a re-negotiation process. Accessory mode was extended with additional features in Android 4. Each peripheral function has an associated device class document that specifies the standard protocol for that function. This enables class compliant hosts and peripheral functions to inter-operate, without detailed knowledge of each other's workings.
Class compliance is critical if the host and peripheral are provided by different entities. The term driverless is a common synonym for class compliant , indicating that it is possible to use the standard features of such a peripheral without requiring an operating-system specific driver to be installed. One can assume that a peripheral advertised as "no driver needed" for major desktop operating systems will be class compliant, though there may be exceptions. Here we concern ourselves only with peripherals that implement audio functions, and thus adhere to the audio device class.
USB includes many other device classes, some of which may be confused with the audio class. The terminals of an audio peripheral are typically analog. The analog signal presented at the peripheral's input terminal is converted to digital by an analog-to-digital converter ADC , and is carried over USB protocol to be consumed by the host. Publish your app. Command line tools. Android Developers. From Windows Explorer, open Computer Management.
In the Computer Management left pane, select Device Manager. In the Device Manager right pane, locate and expand Portable Devices or Other Devices , depending on which one you see. Right-click the name of the device you connected, and then select Update Driver Software. In the Hardware Update wizard , select Browse my computer for driver software and click Next.
Click Browse and then locate the USB driver folder. Click Next to install the driver. Windows 8. Access search, as follows: Touch screen: On your computer, swipe in from the right edge of the screen and tap Search.
In the search box, type into and then click Device Manager. Samsung Odin Tool Download. Download Mi PC Suite. This list is surely not complete as there are many more regional manufacturers out there making more and more Android devices. However to make things easier for you, here I will discuss some tools which will help you to install your required USB Drivers.
This tool will solve the problems faced while using ADB drivers on newer versions of Windows. This tool comes with a good GUI interface and supports all well-known manufacturers so if your manufacturer is missing from my list then you can also use this tool to install USB Drivers. In this Article click to see. Acer USB Driver. Asus USB Driver. I've had some people say that it just straight up doesn't work for them for whatever reason it chose to not work on X device.
Hopefully, your device will play nice, and you can get it working! Let me know how it goes. I did that on my Oppo Reno2, but it's still keep asking me what I want to do after connecting to my PC. Do you have any idea what to do with it? Subscribe Now. Any more options for me please? Share Your Thoughts Click to share your thoughts.
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